48 hour chick embryo serial cross section

Chronic inflammation is of longer duration and occurs either after the causative agent of acute inflammation persists for a long time, or the stimulus is such that it induces chronic inflammation from the beginning. Sometimes, the acute inflammatory response may be quite severe and is termed as fulminant acute inflammation.Д«. polymorphonuclear neutrophils as inflammatory cells. intravascular activation of platelets andДЈ. accumulation of fluid and plasma at the affected site Дў. The main features of acute inflammation are:ДЎ. Acute inflammation is of short duration (lasting less than 2 weeks) and represents the early body reaction, resolves quickly and is usually followed by healing. Depending upon the defense capacity of the host and duration of response, inflammation can be classified as acute and chronic.ДЄ. This nomenclature had its origin in old times but now we know that burning is only one of the signs of inflammation. To these, fifth sign functio laesa (loss of function) was later added by Virchow. The Roman writer Celsus in 1st century A.D.

anaphylaxis to bites by insects or reptiles, drugs, toxins, atherosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, fibrous bands and adhesions in intestinal obstruction.ДЄs discussed earlier (Chapter 4), вЂњimmunity or immune reactionвЂќ and вЂњinflammatory responseвЂќ by the host are both protective mechanisms in the body-inflammation is the visible response to an immune reaction, and activation of immune response is almost essential before inflammatory response appears. Though both these processes generally have protective role against injurious agents, inflammation and healing may cause considerable harm to the body as well e.g. early inflammatory response and later followed by healing. Inflammation involves 2 basic processes with some overlapping, viz. Thus, inflammation is distinct from infection -while inflammation is a protective response by the body to variety of etiologic agents (infectious or non-infectious), while infection is invasion into the body by harmful microbes and their resultant ill-effects by toxins. Chemical agents like organic and inorganic poisons.ДҐ. Physical agents like heat, cold, radiation, mechanical trauma.Д¤. Immunological agents like cell-mediated and antigenantibody reactions.ДЈ. Infective agents like bacteria, viruses and their toxins, fungi, parasites.Дў. The agents causing inflammation may be as under:ДЎ. It is a body defense reaction in order to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agent, followed by removal of the necrosed cells and tissues. Inflammation is defined as the local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent.

48 hour chick embryo serial cross section